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#### CHAPTER 5

#### LESSON OUTLINES FOR TRAILER OPERATIONS

LESSON TITLE: | PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND SERVICES (PMCS) ON A PLS TRAILER
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-1353 (Perform Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services [PMCS] on a Trailer)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Perform PMCS on a PLS trailer.
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, DA Form 2404, pencil, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, an M1076 PLS trailer coupled to an M1074/M1075 PLS truck, and a requirement to inspect the trailer according to the PMCS tables listed in TM 9-2330-385-14.
| STANDARD: | Correct all faults within the operator's level of maintenance, and legibly record all others on DA Form 2404. If no faults are found, make necessary entries on DA Form 2404.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Hearing protection, rags, and lubricants. DA Form 2404, pencil, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, and an M1076 PLS trailer coupled to an M1074/M1075 PLS truck for every two students.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration: Demonstrate before-, during-, after-, weekly-, and monthly-operation PMCS to the students.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Assign students to trucks/trailers and issue TM 9-2330-385-14, pencils, DA Form 2404, and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags and lubricants are located.

b. Students perform PMCS.

4. Evaluation: Check each student's PMCS performance.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining:

a. Students perform PMCS daily and PMCS is reinforced throughout the course.

b. Trailer PMCS is included in the videotape TVT 55-36, Part 2, "PLS Driving Techniques." As an option, instructors can reshow this videotape.

c. Trailer PMCS is tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 2 hours (.75 demonstration and 1.25 practical exercise). The remaining PMCS is performed throughout the course in conjunction with driving tasks.

LESSON TITLE: | COUPLE PLS TRAILER (PLST) TO PLS TRUCK
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-3362 (Couple PLS Trailer to PLS Truck)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Couple the M1076 PLS trailer (PLST) to the M1074/M1075 PLS truck.
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 trailer, and a requirement to couple the PLST.
| STANDARD: | Without damage to equipment or injury to personnel, couple the PLST in the correct sequence. Students will be graded on a Go/No-Go basis. See enclosed training evaluation checklist.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool and training area as scheduled.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, lubricants, and coolant, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, and an M1076 trailer for every two students.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, TM 9-2320-364-10, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration: Demonstrate coupling procedures.

WARNING Do not stand between trailer drawbar and truck coupler during hookup procedures to prevent being pinned between truck and trailer. Failure to comply could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

a. Position the truck directly in front of the trailer, in line, with sufficient space (about 3 feet) between the truck and trailer to perform the coupling.

b. Check that chock blocks are properly in place at trailer wheels. If chock blocks are not in place, place them between the tires of axles two and three (in front of the tire on axle three on one side and behind the tire on axle two on the other side of the trailer).

c. Ensure that trailer parking brake knob on front of trailer is pulled out. Do not push it in. Pushing it in will release the trailer brakes.

d. If needed, extend or retract the trailer drawbar. For normal on-road driving, the drawbar should be extended. The drawbar must be extended for all off-road driving and when transporting an ISO container on the truck. In areas having regulations that limit the overall length of the truck and trailer, the drawbar is retracted.

(1) It may be necessary to charge the trailer air bag with air. To charge the trailer air bag--

(a) Remove the dummy coupling from the truck emergency air gladhand.

(b) Remove the air bag charging hose from the stowage box and connect this hose gladhand to the truck emergency air gladhand.

(c) Remove the covers from the air bag charging hose connector and the trailer quick disconnect.

(d) Connect the air bag charging hose connector to the trailer quick disconnect.

(e) Get in the truck and push in the trailer supply valve on the dash to charge the trailer air bag system.

(f) After the trailer air bag system is charged, pull out the trailer supply valve.

(g) Disconnect the air bag charging hose connector from the trailer quick disconnect.

(h) Install the covers on the air bag charging hose connector and the trailer quick disconnect.

(i) Remove the air bag charging hose gladhand from the truck emergency air gladhand.

(j) Install the dummy coupling on the truck emergency air gladhand.

(k) Place the air bag charging hose in the stowage box.

(2) To retract the trailer drawbar--

(a) Move the air assist lever on the trailer to the up position and raise the drawbar to level position (horizontal).

(b) Place air assist lever in neutral position.

(c) Lift the locking gate and remove the locking pin from the drawbar structure.

(d) Push the tube assembly completely into the drawbar structure.

(e) Align the holes in the tube assembly and the drawbar structure and install the locking pin into the drawbar structure.

(f) Close the locking gate over the locking pin on the drawbar structure.

(3) To extend the trailer drawbar--

(a) Move the air assist lever on the trailer to the up position and raise the drawbar to level position (horizontal).

(b) Place air assist lever in neutral position.

(c) Lift the locking gate and remove the locking pin from the drawbar structure.

(d) Pull the tube assembly completely out of the drawbar structure to the stop.

(e) Align the holes in the tube assembly and the drawbar structure and install the locking pin into the drawbar structure.

(f) Close the locking gate over the locking pin on the drawbar structure.

e. Lock in the coupler rotation lockpin on the truck coupler. The coupler rotation lockpin must be in the locked (up and in) position to prevent coupler rotation during the hookup.

f. Lift up the locking gate on the truck coupler.

g. Pull the locking lever out and the release lever back at the same time to open the truck coupler jaw. The coupler jaw will drop open.

h. Move the air assist lever on the trailer to the up position and raise the drawbar to the level of the truck coupler. If the air assist lever does not operate, the trailer air bag must be charged.

i. After the drawbar is level with the truck coupler, place the air assist lever on the trailer in the neutral position.

WARNING Personnel must keep hands and body away from drawbar when connecting to truck or injury may result.

j. Start vehicle and back up slowly. Keep the truck straight with the trailer and continue backing until the drawbar makes contact with the coupler. Coupler jaw will close when the drawbar makes contact.

k. To ensure the coupler has latched onto the drawbar, nudge the vehicle forward slightly and shut off the vehicle.

l. Release air pressure on the drawbar by moving the air assist lever down.

m. Close the locking gate on the truck coupler.

n. Unlock the rotation lockpin and check the truck coupler for rotation. It should rotate.

o. Remove the truck receptacle cap and connect the load lock status line to the truck receptacle.

CAUTION Both the 12-volt and 24-volt cables must not be connected at the same time. Only one cable can be hooked up during operation or damage to equipment will result.

p. Remove the appropriate electrical cable from the stowage box. The 12-volt cable is standard for this vehicle. Use the 24-volt cable when blackout lights are required.

q. Connect the appropriate electrical cable to the trailer and truck.

r. Remove the two dummy covers from the air couplings on the truck.

s. Install the service air gladhand to the service air coupling and the emergency air gladhand to its air coupling.

t. Unhook the two safety chains from the trailer and attach them to the vehicle clevises.

u. Remove and stow the trailer wheel chocks.

v. Enter the cab and start the vehicle. Push in on the trailer air supply control knob and check the operation of the trailer brakes and lights. Also perform the remaining before-operation PMCS on the trailer.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

b. Students practice coupling in the training area(s). During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

4. Evaluation: Check each student's performance on coupling and PMCS.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining:

a. Coupling procedures are included in the videotape TVT 55-36, Part 2, "PLS Driving Techniques." As an option, instructors can reshow this videotape.

b. Coupling procedures can be reinforced daily throughout the course.

c. Students are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when the PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. Ensure personnel keep hands, feet, and body away from drawbar when connecting to truck or injury may result.

14. Chock trailer wheels or connect drawbar to truck before coupling trailer gladhands to truck or serious injury or death could result to personnel.

15. Ensure personnel do not stand between trailer drawbar and truck coupler during hookup procedures to prevent being pinned between truck and trailer. Failure to comply could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 3.0 hours (.5 demonstration and 2.5 practical exercise including .5 PMCS).

TRAINING EVALUATION

COUPLE THE PLS TRAILER TO THE PLS TRUCK

LESSON TITLE: | UNCOUPLE PLS TRAILER (PLST) FROM PLS TRUCK
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-3363 (Uncouple PLS Trailer from PLS Truck)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Uncouple the M1076 PLS trailer (PLST) from the M1074/M1075 PLS truck.
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10 and TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 trailer, and a requirement to uncouple the PLST.
| STANDARD: | Without damage to equipment or injury to personnel, uncouple the PLST in the correct sequence. Students will be graded on a Go/No-Go basis. See enclosed training evaluation checklist.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Training area as scheduled.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, lubricants, and coolant, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, and an M1076 trailer for every two students.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, TM 9-2320-364-10, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration: Demonstrate uncoupling procedures.

a. Shift the transmission range selector into neutral, apply the parking brakes, and shut off the engine.

b. Chock trailer wheels. Place chock blocks between the tires of axles two and three (in front of the tire on axle three on one side and behind the tire on axle two on the other side of the trailer).

c. Unhook the two safety chains from the truck and attach them to the trailer drawbar on the stowage rings.

d. Remove the emergency air gladhand from the air coupler and stow on the trailer gladhand bracket.

e. Remove the service air gladhand from the air coupler and stow on the trailer gladhand bracket.

f. Install the two dummy covers on the air couplings.

g. Remove the electrical cable from the truck and trailer, close receptacle cover on truck, install receptacle cover on trailer, and place the cable in the stowage box.

h. Remove the load lock status line from the truck receptacle, close the receptacle covers, and place on stowage hook on trailer.

i. Lock rotation locking pin and check coupler to ensure it will not rotate.

NOTE | It may be necessary to move truck backwards slightly to relieve tension on coupler.

j. Lift up the locking gate on the coupler and open the coupler jaw by pulling the locking lever out and pulling the release lever back at the same time.

WARNING Drawbar weighs 425 pounds. Drawbar may raise quickly or drop suddenly to the ground when released from coupler. Do not allow feet or body to get under drawbar. Serious injury to personnel may result.

k. Use air assist lever to apply air pressure to hold the drawbar from falling when released from the truck coupler.

l. Start the vehicle and slowly pull the vehicle forward until the drawbar releases from the coupler.

m. Shift the transmission range selector into neutral, apply the parking brakes, and shut off the engine.

WARNING Do not leave drawbar in elevated position after disconnecting from the truck. Drawbar could fall causing serious injury or death.

n. Use air assist lever to release air pressure and allow drawbar to be lowered to the ground.

o. Push up on the truck coupler jaw to close it and close the locking gate on the coupler.

p. Perform after-operation PMCS on the trailer.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Assign students to vehicles.

b. Students practice uncoupling in the training area(s).

c. Students perform after-operation PMCS and ensure that all operator entries required on DA Form 2404 and DD Form 1970 are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluation: Check each student's performance on uncoupling and PMCS.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining:

a. Uncoupling procedures are included in the videotape TVT 55-36, Part 2, "PLS Driving Techniques." As an option, instructors can reshow this videotape.

b. Uncoupling procedures can be reinforced daily throughout the course.

c. Students are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. Ensure personnel keep hands, feet, and body away from drawbar when disconnecting from truck or severe injury to personnel may result.

14. Do not allow feet or body to get under drawbar. Drawbar may drop to the ground when released from coupler. Serious injury to personnel may result.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 3.0 hours (.5 demonstration and 2.5 practical exercise including .5 PMCS).

TRAINING EVALUATION
UNCOUPLED THE PLS TRAILER FROM THE PLS TRUCK

LESSON TITLE: | DRIVE THE PLS TRUCK WITH TRAILER
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-1366 (Drive Vehicle with Automatic Transmission)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Drive the PLS truck with trailer (PLST).
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, DD Form 1970, DA Form 2404, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, designated driving route (improved surfaced and secondary roads), an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 PLST, two M1077 flatracks with securely tied down palletized loads, and a requirement to drive a designated route (to include making right and left turns, making gradual steering corrections, signaling intentions in advance, passing oncoming vehicles, maintaining vehicle interval, operating the lights as required, obeying highway warning and regulatory signs, monitoring gauges and indicator lights, upshifting/downshifting the transmission through all gear ranges, manipulating the controls, and performing basic driving maneuvers to include downhill braking [using the engine brake] and straight line backing using ground guides).
| STANDARD: | Operate the truck with trailer safely without accident or injury.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Motor pool, training area, and driver training route (built up and rural areas) as scheduled. A classroom is required if optional videotape is shown.

3. Training type: Conference and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference and one assistant instructor for each student for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Television, VCR, videotape TVT 55-36 (PIN: 710046DA), Part 2, "PLS Driving Techniques," hearing protection, rags, lubricants, coolant, and 40 traffic cones or empty POL drums. DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, an M1074/M1075 PLS truck with BII, and M1076 PLST for each student.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, FM 21-305, TM 9-2320-364-10, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration:

NOTE: | An instructor will be in the cab whenever a student is driving the PLS truck.

NOTE: | The students will be required to drive the truck/trailer loaded and empty. If two trucks and trailers are used, one truck/trailer should be loaded with the PLS flatracks (each flatrack load should be as close to 16.5 tons as possible) and the other truck/trailer should be empty.

a. Videotape. As an option, reshow videotape TVT 55-36, Part 2, "PLS Driving Techniques," to reinforce driving tasks. This step may be deleted because the students should have viewed this tape in earlier lessons.

b. Trailer coupling safety. Ensure proper coupling of trailer to include the pintle hook being properly closed.

c. Lights. Check all lights to ensure they work.

d. Brake operation. Test the trailer brakes by pulling forward slowly and applying the trailer hand brake control (johnson bar or trailer hand valve). Remember the trailer hand brake control is used to test the trailer brakes. Using it when driving will cause the trailer to skid.

e. Speed restrictions. Reduce speed for road, weather, and visibility and before entering curves. When operating with a trailer with steering axle and a high center of gravity, it is important to operate at slower speeds (to avoid rollovers, jackknifes, and so forth).

f. Operation on downgrades. Take care with braking, especially on down grades, due to the effects of the steering axle on the trailer.

g. Highway driving. When driving the PLS truck at highway speeds (above 40 MPH), new drivers tend to hug the edge of the road and oversteer. The rear axle of the truck is a steering axle and generally drivers tend to work the steering wheel too much. When pulling a trailer, this effect is worsened by the steering action of the trailer turntable. This causes the truck and trailer to constantly wander or sway. To correct this, check the position of the truck and trailer in the rearview mirrors, keep the truck centered in its lane, and make minor steering corrections.

h. Turning procedures. Use proper turn procedures and be aware of the trailer at all times. Making turns with the trailer are the same as with the truck. Observe the trailer through the mirrors. (Normally, the trailer will follow the truck with minimal off-tracking.)

i. Following distances.

(1) Maintain one second for each 10 feet of truck and trailer length (40 MPH and less). The PLS truck with trailer is 60 feet long (62 feet with drawbar extended), so at speeds up to 40 MPH, allow seven seconds following distance.

(2) Increase by one second for speeds over 40 MPH. At 45 MPH, with the PLS truck and trailer, allow eight seconds following distance.

(3) Increase by several seconds for rain, fog, and winter conditions.

j. Backing limitations. Backing is limited due to the steering arrangement on the trailer and rear steering axle on the truck. The turntable must be pinned before backing and unpinned before going forward. Back in a straight line only.

k. Off-road driving. Driving off road towing the trailer is more restrictive than driving the truck. Grade and side slope capabilities with the trailer are significantly reduced, as is backing. Before going off road it, is best to check the terrain, making sure that slopes are not too steep and that there is sufficient space to turn the vehicle without backing.

l. Give safety briefing.

m. Explain ground guide safety precautions for backing the truck and trailer.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-364-10, pencils, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, and equipment records folder. Instruct students on the location of rags, lubricants, and coolant.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

c. Students practice maneuvering the PLS truck through the courses laid out in the training area(s). Sample training areas are in Chapter 6 ( Figures 6-3, 6-4, and 6-6). During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

NOTE | As each student practices driving, an assistant instructor rides in the right seat. The assistant instructor explains driving techniques, ensures the driver is aware of driving situations, and conducts after-action reviews with each driver. Now is the time to pass on valuable experience and correct any bad driving habits.

d. After students have mastered driving in the training area, they will practice driving the truck/trailer on primary and secondary roads and limited off road.

e. Students perform after-operation PMCS and ensure all operator entries required on DA Form 2404 and DD Form 1970 are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluate: Check each student's performance of PMCS and driving.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining: Retrain No-Gos and slow learners. Students perform driving tasks daily and are tested on the EOCCT.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. During driving operations, place hydraulic selector switch in the off position or hydraulic system overheating will result.

14. Do not hold steering wheel at full left or right position for longer than 10 seconds. Oil overheating and pump damage can result.

15. Apply brakes gradually when stopping. A panic stop will cause the vehicle wheels to lock, engine to stall, and power steering to fail. Failure to do this will result in injury or death.

16. Repeated rapid operation of service brakes will consume compressed air supply and cause automatic spring brake application. Failure to follow proper service brake operating procedures may cause serious injury or death to personnel.

17. Excessive use of the service brake to control downhill speed will result in the loss of braking power because of heat buildup.

18. Do not park the truck on a steep grade. Serious injury to personnel could result.

19. Apply engine brake only when truck tires have good traction. Use of engine brake on slippery surfaces can cause the truck to skid and cause injury to personnel.

20. If emergency steer light illuminates when driving, immediately pull the truck over to the side of the road and stop, or serious injury or death could result.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 12 hours (1.0 conference and 11.0 practical exercise, including 1.5 PMCS).

LESSON TITLE: | TRANSFER FLATRACK ONTO/FROM PLS TRAILER USING LHS
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-3366 (Load Flatrack onto PLS Trailer Using LHS) and 551-721-3367 (Unload Flatrack from PLS Trailer Using LHS)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Transfer flatrack onto/from PLS trailer (PLST) using LHS.
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, rags, lubricants, coolant, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 PLST, an M1077 flatrack with securely tied down palletized load, and a requirement to transfer a flatrack onto/from a PLS trailer.
| STANDARD: | Perform task in the correct sequence according to TM 9-2320-364-10 and without damage to equipment or injury to personnel. Students will be graded on a Go/No-Go basis. See enclosed training evaluation checklists.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Classroom, motor pool, and training area as scheduled.

3. Training type: Conference, demonstration, and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the conference and one assistant instructor for every two students for the demonstration and practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Television, VCR, screen, overhead projector, transparencies, videotape TVT 55-37 (PIN: 710336DA), Part 4, "PLS Load-Handling System," rags, lubricants, coolant, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, pencil, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, equipment records folder, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 PLST, and an M1077 flatrack with securely tied down palletized load for every two students.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, TM 9-2320-364-10, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration:

a. Review safety warnings. Because we are dealing with heavy loads, and much of the operation is not fully visible to the operator, it is important to review warnings that pertain to the load-handling system (LHS).

NOTE | Some of these safety warnings were taught in the earlier LHS truck lesson. It is a good safety practice to repeat all these important warnings.

WARNING Check for overhead power lines or other obstructions before attempting LHS operation. LHS reaches a height of 17 feet 2 inches (5.22 meters ) with ISO container. Serious injury or death could result from contact with electrical power lines

WARNING Check ground conditions for firmness and extreme sideways inclination before picking up or off-loading a flatrack. Any ground instability beneath road wheels could cause serious injury or death to personnel.

WARNING Before and during any load or unload cycle, all personnel should stay clear of LHS and flatrack or serious injury or death could result to personnel.

WARNING Ensure that flatrack runners contact LHS rear rollers correctly. Failure to contact flatrack runners correctly could result in serious injury or death to personnel and damage to equipment.

WARNING When loading or unloading flatracks on uneven ground (side slope or downgrades up to 10 degrees), it may be necessary to apply truck service brakes to prevent truck roll away or severe injury or death could result

WARNING Never drive with LHS no transit light illuminated. An illuminated light means load locks are not engaged and LHS is not fully stowed.

WARNING Trailer wheels must be chocked during transfer operations or serious injury or death could result.

WARNING When operating the PLS truck with PLS trailer, the heaviest loaded flatrack must always be placed on the truck; otherwise, adverse handling and/or braking may result, which could cause serious injury or death to personnel

WARNING Ensure trailer air system is charged before beginning transfer, or flatrack locks may not properly engage/disengage. Serious injury or death to personnel could result.

b. Review trailer transfer slides.

Transparency PLS 7-1

(1) View of truck and trailer to show importance of proper position for load transfer.

(a) Proper alignment of the truck and trailer is very important to successfully transferring the flatrack onto the trailer. When backing towards the trailer, align truck tires with trailer tires.

(b) Looking at highlighted side view, notice the drawbar is in the down position (either extended or retracted) and the truck bumper plate contacts the nose of trailer. Also, air lines and electrical cables must be properly stowed to prevent damage.

Transparency PLS 7-2

(2) Transfer of flatrack onto trailer. Stress the following items:

(a) Align truck and trailer as described above.

(b) Use proper sequence of LHS operation as described in the operator's manual.

(c) Position flatrack back to rear stops of trailer to assure locks will close.

(d) Avoid damage to the arm or hook arm cylinder by not pushing the flatrack with the hook arm. The hook arm is not a tow bar or a bumper bar.

Transparency PLS 7-3

(3) Flatrack locking system.

(a) Flatrack locks should be released prior to loading/unloading procedures. The flatrack lock indicating pins should be extended out when the flatrack locks are locked. There is one indicating pin on each side of the trailer.

(b) If the flatrack locks will not release because of insufficient air pressure, it will be necessary to charge the trailer's air system.

(c) If the flatrack locks will not release because they are jammed, it is necessary to use the retracting tools (trailer BII) to force the locks free. Thread the tools into the access holes in the trailer frame. Turn the tools clockwise using the adjustable wrench from the trailer BII until the flatracks locks are disengaged.

(d) After flatrack is in place, automatically engage flatrack locks (if locks were manually released, they must be manually engaged). Pull flatrack locking knob at rear of trailer to engage flatrack locks. Visually check indicating pins on each side of trailer to ensure pins are protruding through the trailer frame.

c. Review operating procedures. Show TVT 55-37, Part 4, "PLS Load-Handling System."

d. Demonstrate transferring the flatrack onto and off of the trailer.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Assign students to vehicles and issue TM 9-2320-364-10, pencil, DA Form 2404, DD Form 1970, and equipment records folder. Tell students where rags, lubricants, and coolant are located.

b. Students perform before-operation PMCS.

c. Students practice transfer operations in the training area(s). During-operation PMCS is also conducted at this time.

4. Evaluation: Check each student's performance on trailer transfer operations and PMCS.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining: Retrain slow learners.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before to use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. Check for overhead power lines or other obstructions before attempting LHS operation. LHS reaches a height of 17 feet 2 inches (5.22 meters) with ISO container. Serious injury or death could result from contact with electrical power lines.

14. Check ground conditions for firmness and extreme sideways inclination before picking up or off-loading a flatrack. Any ground instability beneath road wheels could cause serious injury or death to personnel.

15. Before and during any load or unload cycle, all personnel should stay clear of LHS and flatrack or serious injury or death could result to personnel.

16. Ensure that flatrack runners contact LHS rear rollers correctly. Failure to contact flatrack runners correctly could result in serious injury or death to personnel and damage to equipment.

17. When loading or unloading flatracks on uneven ground (side slope or downgrades up to 10 degrees), it may be necessary to apply truck service brakes to prevent truck roll away or severe injury or death could result.

18. Never drive with LHS no transit light illuminated. An illuminated light means load locks are not engaged and LHS is not fully stowed.

19. Overload protection system on PLS protects LHS and flatrack from structural damage during loading or unloading. This system does not protect truck chassis from being overloaded by means of a crane, forklift, or excessively loaded flatracks. Truck chassis is designed to carry an evenly distributed 16.5 tons payload. Operator is responsible to know what payload weighs.

20. Before starting any LHS operations, adjust extension mirror to monitor LHS operations or damage to equipment may result.

21. If terrain is deeply rutted, soft soil, and so forth, mud flaps must be pinned before beginning LHS operations or damage to mud flaps may result.

22. Engine speed must be at idle before using hydraulic selector switch, or damage to equipment may result.

23. Do not use reverse to back up truck while hook arm is attached to flatrack or damage to LHS will occur.

24. If LHS overload lamp illuminates but loading operation continues, operator is cautioned that LHS is nearing maximum capacity. In this situation, operator should determine if payload is evenly distributed on flatrack or if flatrack load exceeds 16.5 tons. If any of these conditions exist, operator must redistribute or reduce the payload or damage to equipment may result.

25. Load must be evenly distributed on the pallet and flatrack. Uneven load distribution may cause LHS overload indicator to give false signals and cause LHS to operate incorrectly.

26. If LHS overload lamp illuminates and normal operation has stopped, return load to original position and redistribute or reduce payload weight or equipment damage may occur.

27. Ensure that parking brake is not applied before starting load sequence or damage to equipment may occur. (This does not apply when transferring to or from trailer.)

28. Reduce engine speed to idle before flatrack main rails contact rear rollers or damage to flatrack may result.

29. Hydraulic selector switch must be in off position before driving or hydraulic system could overheat.

30. Ensure parking brake is not applied during unload (when unloading to the ground) sequence or damage to equipment may result. (This does not apply when transferring to or from trailer.)

31. Ensure rail transport locking pins are disengaged before unloading flatrack. Rail transport locking pins are used for rail transport only. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

32. Once truck's rear suspension has been relieved of flatrack load, do not continue in unload position as possibility of jacking up rear of truck with hook arm may occur and damage to equipment may result.

33. Trailer wheels must be chocked during transfer operations or serious injury or death could result.

34. When operating the PLS truck with PLS trailer, the heaviest loaded flatrack must always be placed on the truck; otherwise, adverse handling and/or braking may result, which could cause serious injury or death to personnel.

35. Ensure trailer air system is charged before beginning transfer, or flatrack locks may not properly engage/disengage. Serious injury or death to personnel could result.

36. When attempting to load/unload flatrack onto/off the trailer, there must be sufficient air pressure in the trailer air system to retract flatrack locks or damage to flatrack locks can occur. If not, use the truck to charge trailer air system using trailer air charging hose. If air system cannot retract flatrack locks, use manual flatrack unlock procedure.

37. Ensure that the trailer drawbar is down against the ground during transfer operations or damage to equipment may result.

38. Both of the trailer bumper points must be under the truck bumper stop flange and at least one of the bumper points must contact the bumper stop. The trailer bumper point not contacting the truck bumper stop cannot exceed 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) or flatrack will miss main rail guides and equipment damage may result.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 8.0 hours (.5 conference, .5 demonstration, and 7.0 practical exercise including 1.0 PMCS).

TRAINING EVALUATION
TRANSFERRING FLATRACK (FR) ONTO PLS TRAILER FROM TRUCK
and
TRANSFERRING FLATRACK (FR) FROM TRAILER TO TRUCK

LESSON TITLE: | CHANGE TIRE ON PLS TRAILER
TASK NUMBER: | 551-721-3372 (Change Tire on PLS Trailer)

A. TRAINING OBJECTIVE.

| TASK: | Change a tire on the PLS trailer (PLST).
| CONDITIONS: | Given instruction, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, rags, heavy work gloves, hearing and eye protection, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, an M1076 PLST, and a requirement to change a simulated flat tire on the PLST.
| STANDARD: | Perform task in the correct sequence according to TM 9-2330-385-14 and without damage to equipment or injury to personnel. Students will be graded on a Go/No-Go basis.

B. INTERMEDIATE TRAINING. None.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS.

1. Training time: As scheduled.

2. Training location: Training area or motor pool as scheduled.

3. Training type: Demonstration and practical exercise.

4. Students: Scheduled personnel.

5. Principal and assistant instructors required: One primary instructor for the class, one assistant instructor for every six students for the demonstration and one assistant instructor for every two students for the practical exercise.

6. Training aids and equipment: Rags, heavy work gloves, TM 9-2320-364-10, TM 9-2330-385-14, an M1074/M1075 truck with BII, and an M1076 PLST for every two students. Hearing and eye protection are required for all personnel.

7. References: AR 385-55, DA Pamphlet 738-750, TM 9-2320-364-10, and TM 9-2330-385-14.

D. SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY.

1. Introduction:

a. Interest device.

b. Tie-in.

c. Lesson objective (paragraph A).

d. Procedures.

(1) Explanation.

(2) Practical exercise.

(3) Summary.

2. Explanation and demonstration:

NOTE: | Changing a tire on the PLST is a two-soldier task. One soldier cannot safely perform this task.

a. Review safety warnings.

b. Park the truck/trailer.

(1) Park the truck/trailer in a safe area, out of traffic, where there is no traffic danger to personnel changing the tire. Also, the trailer must be parked on hard, level ground.

(2) Set the parking brake, press the transmission range selector button to neutral, turn the CTIS on/off switch to off, and shut off the engine.

(3) Turn on emergency flashers as dictated by traffic hazards.

(4) Position emergency reflective triangles as dictated by traffic hazards.

(5) Chock the trailer wheels. It is best to chock the wheels between axles two and three, on the opposite side of the trailer from the flat tire. Chock the front and back of the wheels to prevent movement in either direction.

c. Remove all necessary tools from truck stowage boxes (chock block, jack, jack handle, air hose, air impact wrench, and 1 1/2-inch socket [extension wrench and sliding handle may be used in place of air impact wrench]).

d. Remove spare tire.

NOTE | The air impact wrench from the PLS truck is used in this procedure. The sliding handle and extension wrench may be used in place of the air impact wrench. The 1 1/2-inch socket must be used with either wrench.

(1) Ensure safety latch handle on the spare tire carrier is in the locked position.

(2) Connect the air hose to truck air coupling and connect the air impact wrench to the other end of the air hose.

(3) Start the truck and build up the air pressure to above 120 psi. Air pressure must be maintained above 120 psi while using the air impact wrench.

WARNING Ensure all personnel wear suitable eye protection while lowering the spare tire. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

WARNING Ensure personnel are positioned under trailer only far enough to remove the three nuts securing the spare tire to the carrier. Do not position entire body under the tire. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

WARNING Wear hearing protection during the tire changing procedure while using the air impact wrench. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel.

(4) Using the air impact wrench and 1 1/2-inch socket, carefully remove the three nuts securing the spare tire to the carrier.

CAUTION Ensure the safety latch is held in release position until the spare tire is lowered to the ground. If the safety latch is not held in release position, the spare tire will not lower to the ground.

WARNING Ensure the slide handle or air impact wrench and socket are held securely in place while lowering the spare tire. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel and/or damage to equipment.

NOTE: | Ensure the air impact wrench is set to the counterclockwise position.

(5) Pull the safety latch cable to the unlock position and, turning the winch bolt assembly counterclockwise, lower the spare tire about 4 inches from the spare tire bracket.

WARNING Ensure all personnel wear protective gloves at all times during this procedure when handling the cable. The cable may fray and injury to personnel may result.

(6) Release the safety latch cable.

(7) Lower the spare tire to the ground by turning the winch bolt assembly counterclockwise.

(8) Remove the lift assembly from the spare tire.

(9) Install the lift assembly hook in the spare tire stud hole that is nearest to the pulley assembly.

(10) Remove the safety clip and pin from the pulley assembly.

(11) Extend the pulley assembly until the second hole lines up with the hole in the pulley support.

(12) Install the pin and safety clip in the second hole of the pulley assembly.

(13) Turn the winch bolt assembly counterclockwise to pay out 10 feet of cable from the winch assembly.

(14) Install the cable on the pulley assembly.

CAUTION To prevent knotting and binding, ensure there is tension on the cable when reeling it in. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.

(15) Turn the winch bolt assembly clockwise to remove the spare tire from under the trailer.

WARNING Tire assembly weighs 425 pounds. Do not try to lift or catch the tire assembly at any time during the tire changing procedure. Keep all personnel clear from under tire. Failure to comply may result in serious injury to personnel.

(16) Turn the winch bolt assembly clockwise to raise spare tire to the upward position.

(17) With the aid of an assistant, support the spare tire and remove the lift assembly from the spare tire stud hole.

(18) With the aid of an assistant, position the spare tire against the trailer.

(19) Remove the cable from the pulley assembly.

(20) Remove the safety clip and pin from the pulley assembly.

(21) Retract the pulley assembly to the stow position in the pulley support and install the pin and safety clip in the pulley assembly.

e. Remove tire (simulated flat).

WARNING Never crawl under the trailer at any time during the tire-changing procedure unless the trailer is securely blocked. The trailer may fall causing serious injury or death to personnel.

(1) Position the jack on wheel chock and install under the axle to be raised. Raise the jack until the tire clears the ground.

WARNING Crew member should steady the tire during removal. Falling tire may cause injury to personnel.

(2) Using the air impact wrench and 1 1/2-inch socket, loosen and remove the 10 lug nuts from the wheel studs on the flat tire.

(3) With the aid of an assistant, remove the flat tire from the wheel hub and lean the tire against the trailer. Jack handle extension may be used under the tire to assist in sliding or creeping wheel away from hub.

f. Install tire.

(1) Position the serviceable tire (spare) on the wheel hub.

WARNING Ensure the studs are fully seated in the slots of the tire rim before tightening nuts, or the wheel could come off during operation of the trailer, resulting in injury or death of personnel.

(2) Install the 10 lug nuts finger tight on the studs.

(3) If the truck was shut off, start the engine and build up air pressure to above 120 psi.

(4) Using the air impact wrench and 1 1/2-inch socket, tighten the 10 lug nuts using the sequence as shown.

WARNING Jack is under heavy pressure. Keep hand, arm, and head clear while lowering jack slowly to avoid injury to personnel.

(5) Lower and remove the jack and wheel chock from the axle.

g. Stow defective tire in tire carrier.

(1) Position the flat (or defective) tire on a flat surface with inside of rim facing upward as close as possible to the spare tire carrier.

(2) Install the lift assembly hook in the stud hole of the flat tire closest to the spare tire carrier.

(3) Using the air impact wrench and 1 1/2-inch socket, turn winch bolt assembly clockwise to slide the flat tire under the spare tire bracket on the trailer.

(4) Turn the winch bolt assembly counterclockwise to loosen the cable.

CAUTION Ensure the lift assembly does not enter the stud holes in the rim of the flat tire or the flat tire will not be installed properly on the spare tire bracket.

(5) Install the lift assembly to the flat tire.

CAUTION Ensure the studs are aligned with the stud holes before positioning the tire on the spare tire bracket. Failure to comply may cause damage to the equipment.

(6) Turn the winch bolt assembly clockwise and raise the flat tire and position until the studs and the stud holes are aligned.

(7) Tighten the winch bolt assembly until the flat tire contacts both the tire stops.

(8) Ensure safety latch cable handle is in the locked position.

WARNING Ensure personnel are positioned under the trailer only far enough to install the three nuts to secure the flat tire to the carrier. Do not position entire body under the tire. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

(9) Install the three nuts on the spare tire carrier studs. Tighten the nuts securely using the air impact wrench.

h. Prepare the truck and trailer for driving.

(1) Disconnect air hose from the truck air coupler.

(2) Return all tools and wheel chocks to stowage boxes.

(3) Stow highway safety markers in stowage boxes.

(4) Start truck, turn on CTIS, and continue with the mission.

(5) At the earliest opportunity, have unit maintenance torque all nuts that were loosened during the tire-changing procedure and repair/replace flat tire.

3. Practical exercise:

a. Assign two students to each truck/trailer and issue TM 9-2320-364-10 and TM 9-2330-385-14.

b. Students practice changing simulated flat tires.

c. Students perform after-operation PMCS. Ensure all operator entries required on DA Form 2404 and DD Form 1970 are accurate, complete, and legible.

4. Evaluation: Check each student's performance.

5. Summary:

a. Recap main points.

b. Allow for questions.

c. Clarify questions.

d. Give closing statement.

6. Retraining: Retrain slow learners.

E. SAFETY RESTRICTIONS.

1. Ensure that all chock blocks are in place when PLS trucks and/or trailers are parked or maintenance is to be performed.

2. Ensure the transmission is in neutral, the parking brake is set, and the engine is shut off before leaving the truck, when the truck is parked, or maintenance is being performed.

3. Ensure students remove all watches, jewelry, and identification tags before working in or around the PLS truck or trailer.

4. Ensure all personnel pay particular attention to the cautions and warnings listed in the operator's manuals.

5. Ensure ground guide(s) are used when backing.

6. Ensure all personnel wear hearing protection when working in or around a running PLS truck.

7. Ensure all occupants wear seat belts while the truck is in operation.

8. Ensure the driver and ground guides know and understand the hand and arm signals as outlined in FM 21-305.

9. Ensure all backing is conducted at a speed of 5 MPH or less.

10. Ensure personnel maintain at least three points of contact to mount or dismount the PLS truck or trailer (to include performing PMCS).

11. Use the PLS ladder when performing maintenance. Install the two hooks on the ladder in the holes located on top of the fender before to use. Using the ladder for other applications could result in serious injury to personnel.

12. Ensure all personnel are clear of truck before engine start is attempted. Operator must visually check to see that all areas of the truck are clear of personnel before attempting to start the engine. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to personnel.

13. Ensure all personnel wear suitable eye protection while lowering the spare tire. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel.

14. Wear hearing protection during the tire-changing procedure while using the air impact wrench or injury to personnel may result.

15. Ensure all personnel wear protective gloves at all times when handling cable. The cable may fray and injury to personnel may result.

16. If the jack must be raised or lowered, shut off the truck before moving under the trailer.

17. Jack is under heavy pressure. Keep hand, arm, and head clear while slowly raising or lowering jack to avoid injury to personnel. Do not lower jack too quickly as tire could fall causing serious injury or death.

18. Tire assembly weighs 425 pounds. Do not try to lift or catch the tire assembly at any time during the tire-changing procedure. Keep all personnel clear from under the tire. Failure to comply may result in serious injury to personnel.

19. Crew member should steady the tire during removal. Falling tire may cause injury to personnel.

20. Never crawl under the trailer at any time during the tire-changing procedure unless the trailer is securely blocked. The trailer may fall causing serious injury or death to personnel.

21. Ensure personnel are positioned under trailer only far enough to remove the three nuts securing the spare tire to the carrier or to install the three nuts to secure the spare tire to the carrier. Do not position entire body under the tire. Failure to comply may result in injury or death to personnel.

22. Ensure the slide handle or air impact wrench and socket are held securely in place while lowering the spare tire. Failure to comply may result in injury to personnel and/or damage to equipment.

23. Ensure the studs are fully seated in the slots of the tire rim before tightening nuts or the wheel could come off during operation of the trailer, resulting in injury or death of personnel.

F. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS AND INFORMATION. Recommended instructional time is 4 hours (1.0 demonstration and 3.0 practical exercise including .5 PMCS).